Peptide Research Glossary
Essential terminology for understanding research peptides, mechanisms, and laboratory protocols.
Amino Acid
BasicsOrganic compounds that combine to form proteins. Peptides are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Bacteriostatic Water
PreparationSterile water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Used to reconstitute peptides for research.
BPC-157
PeptidesBody Protection Compound-157. A 15 amino acid peptide derived from human gastric juice protein, studied for tissue repair.
CJC-1295
PeptidesA synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) with extended half-life due to Drug Affinity Complex (DAC).
Dual Agonist
MechanismsA compound that activates two different receptors. Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist.
GHK-Cu
PeptidesGlycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex. A naturally occurring tripeptide studied for skin and tissue research.
GHRP
PeptidesGrowth Hormone Releasing Peptides. A class of synthetic peptides that stimulate growth hormone secretion.
GIP
HormonesGlucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide. An incretin hormone that stimulates insulin release.
GLP-1
HormonesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1. An incretin hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite. Target of semaglutide.
Half-life
PharmacologyThe time required for a substance to reduce to half its initial concentration in the body.
Incretin
HormonesHormones released from the gut that enhance insulin secretion in response to food intake. GLP-1 and GIP are incretins.
Ipamorelin
PeptidesA selective growth hormone secretagogue that stimulates GH release without affecting cortisol or prolactin.
Lyophilization
PreparationFreeze-drying process used to preserve peptides. Removes water to create stable powder form.
MOTS-c
PeptidesMitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in mtDNA. Studied for metabolic regulation and exercise mimetic effects.
NAD+
CompoundsNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide. A coenzyme essential for cellular energy production and metabolic function.
Peptide Bond
BasicsThe chemical bond formed between amino acids. Created when the carboxyl group of one amino acid joins the amino group of another.
PT-141
PeptidesBremelanotide. A melanocortin receptor agonist derived from Melanotan II, studied for sexual dysfunction research.
Receptor Agonist
MechanismsA substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, producing a biological response.
Reconstitution
PreparationThe process of dissolving lyophilized peptide powder in a suitable diluent for research use.
Retatrutide
PeptidesA novel triple agonist peptide targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors simultaneously.
Semaglutide
PeptidesA GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide with 94% homology to native GLP-1. Available in injectable and oral forms.
Sermorelin
PeptidesA synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH).
TB-500
PeptidesA synthetic version of the active region of Thymosin Beta-4, studied for tissue repair and regeneration.
Tirzepatide
PeptidesA dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist peptide. Represents the dual incretin mimetic class.
Triple Agonist
MechanismsA compound that activates three different receptors. Retatrutide targets GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors.
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